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我国简易程序改革的几点设想/张洪茂

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我国简易程序改革的几点设想
——兼论“辩诉交易” 与我国简易程序中的排斥性

张洪茂 丁珂

我国现行的简易程序是我国的一项创新,是在借鉴了国外的设立理念后结合我国的实际产生的,最近关于“辩诉交易”论谈较多,关于“辩诉交易”能与我国简易程序的相结合的观点是一种主流观点,那么这种理论是否成立?我国简易程序的改革又到底该与“辩诉交易”保持多少的联系呢?

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我国简易程序改革的几点设想(Word2000格式)






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(中国人民大学法学院研究生 张洪茂
联系方式:中国人民大学红楼三_317 邮编:100872
南京理工大学人文与社会科学学院991712 丁珂 邮编:210094 )




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境外投资外汇管理办法(附英文)

国家外汇管理局


境外投资外汇管理办法(附英文)

(1989年2月5日国务院批准)

办法
第一条 为了促进对外经济技术合作,加强境外投资外汇管理,有利于国际收支平衡,制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称境外投资是指在中国境内登记注册的公司、企业或者其他经济组织(不包括外商投资企业)在境外设立各类企业或者购股、参股(以下统称境外投资企业),从事生产、经营的活动。
境外投资有关外汇事宜,依照本办法的规定执行。
第三条 拟在境外投资的公司、企业或者其他经济组织,在向国家主管部门办理境外投资审批事项前,应当向外汇管理部门提供境外投资所在国(地区)对国外投资的外汇管理情况和资料,提交投资外汇资金来源证明,由外汇管理部门负责投资外汇风险审查和外汇资金来源审查,并于三十天内作出书面审查结论。
第四条 经批准在境外投资的公司、企业或者其他经济组织(以下简称境内投资者),应当持下列材料向外汇管理部门办理登记和投资外汇资金汇出手续:
(一)国家主管部门的批准文件;
(二)外汇管理部门关于投资外汇风险审查和外汇资金来源审查的书面结论;
(三)投资项目的合同或者其他可证明境内投资者应当汇出外汇资金数额的文件。
办理前款登记和投资外汇资金汇出手续时,外汇管理部门应当对境内投资者的投资外汇资金来源进行复核。
第五条 境内投资者在办理登记时,应当按汇出外汇资金数额的5%缴存汇回利润保证金(以下简称保证金)。保证金应当存入外汇管理部门指定银行的专用帐户。汇回利润累计达到汇出外汇资金数额时,退还保证金。保证金存款的利息按照国家规定标准支付给境内投资者。
境内投资者缴存保证金确有实际困难的,可向外汇管理部门作出书面承诺,保证境外投资企业按期汇回利润或者其他外汇收益。
第六条 境内投资者来源于境外投资的利润或者其他外汇收益,必须在当地会计年度终了后六个月内调回境内,按照国家规定办理结汇或者留存现汇。未经外汇管理部门批准,不得擅自挪作他用或者存放境外。
第七条 境内投资者从境外投资企业分得的利润或者其他外汇收益,自该境外投资企业设立之日起五年内全额留成,五年后依照国家有关规定计算留成。
第八条 境外投资企业可以根据经营需要,自行筹措资金,但未经国家外汇管理局批准,其境内投资者不得以任何方式为其提供担保。
第九条 境外投资企业的年度会计报表,包括资产负债表、损益计算书,在当地会计年度终了后六个月内,由其境内投资者向外汇管理部门报送。
第十条 境外投资企业变更资本,其境内投资者应当事先报经原审批部门批准并报送外汇管理部门备案。
第十一条 境内投资者转让境外投资企业股份,应当向外汇管理部门提交股分转让报告书,并在转让结束后三十天内将所得外汇收益调回境内。
第十二条 境外投资企业依照所在国(地区)法律停业或者解散后,其境内投资者应当将其应得的外汇资产调回境内,不得擅自挪作他用或者存放境外。
第十三条 境外投资企业未按利润计划汇回利润或者其他外汇收益的,其境内投资者应当向外汇管理部门提交不能按时完成利润计划或者经营亏损的报告书。如无正当理由,外汇管理部门可从保证金中将相应比例的外汇数额结售给国家;未开立保证金帐户的,从其境内投资者的留成外汇中扣除相应数额上缴国家,但累计扣除数额不超过汇出外汇资金数额的20%。
第十四条 违反本办法第六条、第十一条、第十二条规定者,外汇管理部门应当责令境内投资者限期调回,并可按应调回资金数额的10%至20%处以外汇罚款。
违反本办法第九条、第十条规定,情节严重者,外汇管理部门对境内投资者可处以人民币十万元以下的罚款。
违反本办法其他条款规定者,依照《违反外汇管理处罚施行细则》的规定外理。
第十五条 本办法施行前已设立的境外投资企业,其境内投资者应当自本办法施行之日起六十天内,依照本办法的有关规定,向外汇管理部门补报有关材料,办理登记手续,并依照规定将外汇收益调回境内。
第十六条 本办法由国家外汇管理局负责解释。
第十七条 本办法自发布之日起施行。(附英文)

PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE INVOLVEDIN INVESTMENT ABROAD

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE INVOLVED
IN INVESTMENT ABROAD
(Approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China
on February 5, 1989 and promulgated by the State Administration of Foreign
Exchange Control on March 6, 1989)
Article 1
These Procedures are formulated for the purpose of promoting economic and
technological co-operation with foreign countries, strengthening the
administration of the foreign exchange involved in investment abroad and
facilitating the achievement of a balance of international payments.
Article 2
The terms "investment abroad" referred to in these Procedures means the
establishment of various kinds of enterprises abroad or the purchase of
and holding shares abroad (hereinafter collectively referred to as
"Chinese-invested enterprises abroad") by corporations, enterprises and
other economic organizations registered inside China (not including
enterprises with foreign investment) to engage in production and business
activities. Matters related to the foreign exchange involved in investment
abroad shall be governed by these Procedures.
Article 3
Corporations, enterprises or other economic organizations that intend to
make investment abroad shall, prior to going through the procedures of
application, examination and approval of investment abroad with the
competent State authorities, provide the department for control of foreign
exchange with the information on the administration exercised by the
countries (or regions) where their investment is to be over the foreign
exchange involved in investigated by foreign countries and the relevant
data, and submit to the department the certifying documents on the
source(s) of the funds in foreign exchange earmarked for investment
abroad. The department for control of foreign exchange shall be
responsible for the risk examination of the foreign exchange earmarked for
investment abroad and for the examination of the source(s) of the funds in
foreign exchange and shall present within 30 days the conclusions in
writing drawn from the examinations.
Article 4
Corporations, enterprises or other economic organizations (hereinafter
referred to as "domestic investors") that have been permitted to make
investment abroad shall handle with the department for control of foreign
exchange the procedures of registration and of remitting abroad the funds
in foreign exchange earmarked for investment abroad by presenting the
following materials:
1. the documents of approval issued by the competent State authorities;
2. the conclusions in writing drawn by the department for control of
foreign exchange from the risk examination of the foreign exchange
earmarked for investment abroad and the examination of the source(s) of
the funds in foreign exchange; and
3. the contract of the investment project or other document(s) that may
serve to certify the amount of the funds in foreign exchange that the
domestic investors shall remit abroad.
In handling the procedures of registration and of remitting abroad the
funds in foreign exchange earmarked for investment abroad as prescribed in
the first paragraph of this Article, the department for control of foreign
exchange shall re-examine the source(s) of the funds in foreign exchange
of the domestic investors.
Article 5
In going through the procedures of registration, the domestic investors
shall place a deposit as a guarantee that they shall remit the profit back
to China (hereinafter referred to as "guarantee deposit") which is equal
to 5 percent of the amount of funds in foreign exchange to be sent abroad.
The guarantee deposit shall be placed in a special account in a bank
designated by the department for control of foreign exchange. The
guarantee deposit shall be refunded when the total amount of profit
remitted back to China is equal to the amount of funds in foreign exchange
sent abroad. The interest on the guarantee deposit shall be paid to the
domestic investors in accordance with the standard rate prescribed by the
State.
If the domestic investors experience real difficulty in placing the
guarantee deposit, they may give a written commitment to the department
for control of foreign exchange that the enterprise abroad in which they
invest shall remit regularly the profit or other incomes in foreign
exchange back to China.
Article 6
The profit or other incomes in foreign exchange derived by domestic
investors from their investment abroad shall be repatriated within 6
months as of the end of the local accounting year and settled as foreign
exchange or retained as spot exchange in accordance with the pertinent
provisions of the State. Without the approval by the department for
control of foreign exchange, they may not be diverted to other uses or
kept abroad.
Article 7
The share of profit or other incomes in foreign exchange that domestic
investors receive from the enterprise abroad in which they invest shall be
retained in full in the first five years as of the date of the
establishment of the enterprise and shall be retained at a percentage
calculated in accordance with the pertinent provisions of the State as of
the end of the first five years.
Article 8
A Chinese-invested enterprise abroad may, on the basis of the need of its
business operations, raise funds on its own. But without approval by the
State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control, its domestic investors
may not provide guarantee for it by any means.
Article 9
The annual accounting statements of a Chinese-invested enterprise abroad,
including the statement of assets and liabilities and the statement of
loss and profit, shall, within 6 months as of the end of the local
accounting year, be submitted by its domestic investors to the department
for control of foreign exchange.
Article 10
If a Chinese-invested enterprise abroad is to make changes in its capital,
its domestic investors shall apply in advance to the original examining
and approving authorities for approval and the changes shall be reported
to the department for control of foreign exchange for the record.
Article 11
If domestic investors are to transfer the shares of stock of the
enterprise abroad in which they invest, they shall submit to the local
department for control of foreign exchange a report for the transfer
thereof and shall repatriate the incomes in foreign exchange thus obtained
within 30 days after the completion of the transfer.
Article 12
If a Chinese-invested enterprise abroad terminates its business operations
or is dissolved in accordance with the laws of the country (or region) in
which it is located, its domestic investors shall repatriate the assets in
foreign exchange that they are entitled to obtain and may not divert them
to other uses or keep them abroad without authorization.
Article 13
If a Chinese-invested enterprise abroad fails to remit back to China their
profit or other incomes in foreign exchange in accordance with their
profit plan, its domestic investors shall submit to the department for
control of foreign exchange a report on their failure to fulfil their
profit plan on schedule or on the losses sustained in business operations.
If they fail to offer sufficient justification, the department for control
of foreign exchange may deduct from their guarantee deposit a
corresponding proportion of foreign exchange and sell it to the State. If
the domestic investors have not opened a guarantee deposit account, the
department for control of foreign exchange shall deduct from their
retained foreign exchange a corresponding amount and turn it over to the
State, but the total amount deducted shall not exceed 20 percent of the
amount of the funds in foreign exchange that has been remitted abroad.
Article 14
If domestic investors violate the provisions in Articles 6, 11 and 12, the
department for control of foreign exchange shall order them to repatriate
the foreign exchange involved within a prescribed period of time and may
impose a fine amounting from 10 percent up to 20 percent of the amount
that should be repatriated.
If domestic investors violate the provisions in Articles 9 and 10 to a
serious extent, the department for control of foreign exchange may impose
on them a fine of Renminbi 100,000 yuan or less.
Violators of the other provisions of these Procedures shall be dealt with
in accordance with the provisions of the Rules for the Implementation of
Penalties on Violations of Foreign Exchange Control.
Article 15
The domestic investors of the Chinese-invested enterprise abroad
established before these Procedures go into effect shall, within 60 days
starting from the day on which these Procedures go into effect and in
accordance with the relevant provisions of these Procedures, approach the
department for control of foreign exchange to make up for the submission
of the relevant materials and go through the procedures of registration
and shall repatriate their incomes in foreign exchange in accordance with
the relevant provisions.
Article 16
The State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control shall be responsible
for the interpretation of these Procedures.
Article 17
These Procedures shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


东莞市土地收购储备实施办法

广东省东莞市人民政府


东莞市土地收购储备实施办法

东莞市人民政府令第39号


(2001年8月15日市长令第39号发布,自发布之日起实施)

第一章 总则

第一条为盘活存量土地资产,优化土地资源配置,合理利用土地,促进城市建设,根据《中华人民共和国土地管理法》、《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》等法律、法规的规定,结合本市实际,制定本办法。
第二条东莞市行政区域范围内国有土地收购、储备工作,适用本办法。
第三条本办法所称土地储备,是指土地储备机构依据本办法的规定,对依法征用、收回和需盘活的土地进行储备,经前期开发利用后,根据土地市场供求现状和城市规划要求,为建设用地提供前期服务的行为。
第四条东莞市土地储备中心(以下简称“储备中心”)受市政府委托负责实施土地征用、收购、储备以及土地出让的前期准备工作,隶属于市国土资源局。
第五条下列土地应当进行储备:
(一)因单位搬迁、解散、撤销、破产或其他原因停止使用的土地;
(二)为政府带征的土地;
(三)依法没收的土地;
(四)依法收回的抛荒、闲置以及其他无力继续开发的土地;
(五)因实施城市规划和土地整理,市政府依法收购的土地;
(六)使用期限届满的土地;
(七)土地使用权人申请收购的土地;
(八)其他需要进行储备的土地。
第六条土地储备工作实行预报制度。凡符合本办法规定的储备条件的土地,用地单位或其主管部门应提前报告储备中心。
第七条储备中心应根据土地利用总体规划、产业结构调整及城市建设规划和东莞市土地市场供求状况,制定土地收购储备计划。
第八条储备中心应依照法律、法规并按本办法的规定,对依法征用、收回、收购的土地进行开发利用。集体所有土地需要储备的,必须依法.办理征用手续。土地收购储备应依法办理土地权属变更登记手续。
第九条土地使用权被依法收回或收购的单位或个人,必须按期、按规定交付土地。
第十条市计划、经济、建设、规划、财政、房产、国土等管理部门应按各自职责,协助做好土地储备的相关工作。

第二章 土地使用权收购储备

第十一条为政府带征的土地和依法没收、收回的土地,按照有关程序办理有关手续后,交由储备中心储备。
除前款规定外需要储备的土地, 由储备中心按照本办法的规定进行收购。
第十二条土地收购的一般程序:
(一)申请收购。凡符合本办法规定的土地收购条件的土地,其土地使用权人应持有关资料,向储备中心申请收购。
(二)权属核查。储备中心对申请人提供的土地和地上物权属、土地面积、地上物面积、四至范围、土地用途等情况进行实地调查和审核。
(三)征询意见。储备中心根据申请人提出的申请和实际调查的情况,向市规划部门征求控制性详细规划意见。
(四)费用测算。储备中心根据调查和征询意见结果,会同有关部门进行土地收购补偿费用的测算评估;实行土地置换的,进行相应的土地费用测算。
(五)方案报批。储备中心提出土地收购的具体方案,报市国土管理部门审批;其中特殊地块的收购储备方案还须报市城市建设工作领导小组批准。
(六)签订合同。收购方案经批准后,由储备中心与原土地使用权人签订土地收购合同。
(七)收购补偿。储备中心根据土地收购合同约定的金额、期限和方式,向原土地使用权人支付土地收购补偿费用;实行土地置换的,按照土地置换的差价进行结算。
(八)权属变更。原土地使用权人与储备中心共同向市国土管理部门申请办理权属变更登记手续。
(九)交付土地。根据土地收购合同约定的期限和方式,原土地使用权人向储备中心交付被收购的土地和地上建筑物。被收购的土地使用权一经交付,即纳入土地储备。
第十三条土地使用权人申请土地收购必须提供下列资料:
(一)土地收购申请书;
(二)法人资格证明书(属个人的,应提供本人有效身份证明),委托他人办理的应提供授权委托书;
(三)营业执照;
(四)土地使用权合法凭证;
(五)房屋所有权合法凭证;
(六)数字化地形图;
(七)主管部门意见;
(八)其他需要提交的资料。
第十四条土地收购合同应当载明以下内容:
(一)合同双方当事人;
(二)收购土地的位置、面积、用途及权属依据;
(三)土地收购补偿费用及其支付方式和期限;
(四)交付土地的期限和方式;
(五)双方权利和义务;
(六)违约责任;
(七)解决争议的方法;
(八)双方约定的其他事项。
第十五条土地收购合同一经签订,即产生法律效力,双方当事人必须全面履行合同约定的各项义务。
第十六条实施收购的土地以出让方式取得土地使用权的,原《国有土地使用权出让合同》自土地收购合同生效之日起自行解除,由市国土资源局收回原《土地使用权使用证》,并予以注销。
第十七条土地收购补偿费一般按收购土地的开发成本计算。以出让方式取得土地使用权的,土地收购补偿费还应包括对土地使用权人已支付的土地出让金的补偿,但应扣除原土地使用权人已实际使用土地期间应支付的出让金部分。
第十八条土地收购补偿费可通过以下方式确定:
(一)由东莞市地价评估机构(经省级以上国土资源部门批准的具备土地评估资质)依据市政府确定的土地基准地价和国家有关规定进行评估后,由市国土管理部门依法确定。
(二)按住宅用地和工业用地基准地价的中间价确定。
(三)按收购合同约定的土地招标、拍卖所得的比例确定。
(四)按本市征地拆迁有关规定标准或双方协商确定补偿费用确定。
以土地置换方式进行储备的,按前款规定的方式分别确定置换土地收购补偿费,由储备中心与原土地使用权人结算差价。

第三章储备土地前期开发利用

第十九条储备中心可以对收购储备的土地通过以下方式进行土地前期开发利用:
(一)前期开发。储备中心在储备的土地使用权出让前,完成地上建筑物及其附属物的拆迁、土地平整和设施配套等前期开发工作。
(二)土地利用。原土地使用权人交付土地后,储备土地使用权出让前,储备中心可以依法将储备土地使用权单独或连同地上建筑物出租、抵押、临时改变使用用途。
第二十条储备中心如需委托拆迁人对储备土地地上建筑物及附属物实施拆迁的,应当采取招标投标的办法确定拆迁人。
第二十一条土地储备前期开发利用中涉及该土地使用权单独或连同地上建筑物出租、抵押或临时改变使用用途的或地上建筑物及其附属物拆迁的,储备中心应持有关用地批准文件及土地收购合同,依法到有关部门办理审批或登记手续。
第二十二条土地储备前期开发利用活动应当遵守国家法律法规、规章和市政府的有关规定,并不得损害公众利益。

第四章储备土地供应

第二十三条本办法所称的储备土地供应,是指储备中心根据土地市场供求会同有关部门制定土地供应计划,有计划地统一向土地使用者供应土地。
第二十四条储备中心应将储备土地的信息向社会公布。
第二十五条储备中心应对拟出让的储备土地的收购、前期开发成本进行测算,拟定储备土地的招商方案。
第二十六条储备中心储备的土地7用于经营性房地产项目建设的,应通过有形土地市场采取公开招标、拍卖的方式确定土地使用者。非经营性用途的储备土地可通过招标、拍卖的供地方式确定土地使用者,也可通过协议出让方式确定土地使用者。

第五章储备中心资金运作管理

第二十七条储备土地资金运作实行收支两条线,并接受市财政、审计部门的监督。
第二十八条土地储备资本金来源:
(一)市财政拨款;
(二)储备土地增值部分资金;
(三)土地使用权出让金垫支;
(四)储备土地的经营收入。
第二十九条土地储备资本金只能用于下列用途,不得移作他用:
(一)土地使用权收购补偿费用;
(二)地上建筑物及其附属物拆迁安置补偿费用;
(三)储备土地的前期开发费用;
(四)储备土地的管理、招商等其他费用。

第六章法律责任

第三十条土地使用权人对符合储备条件的土地,未申请储备而擅自转让土地使用权、地上建筑物及其附属物的,有关部门不得为其办理审批、登记手续,并应依照有关规定进行处理。
第三十一条储备中心未按本办法规定支付土地收购补偿费的,原土地使用权人有权解除收购合同,已支付给原土地使用权人的定金不予返还。
第三十二条原土地使用权人未按规定交付土地及地上建筑物的,或者在交付土地的同时,擅自处理其地上建筑物(构筑物) 的,储备中心有权要求原土地使用权人改正并继续履行合同。原土地使用权人逾期不履行的,由储备中心依法申请人民法院强制执行,并可要求原土地使用权人赔偿相应的经济损失。
第三十三条储备中心工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权,造成重大损失,或利用职务上的便利,索取或非法收受他人财物,构成犯罪的,移交司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第三十四条土地收购储备、前期开发中发生纠纷的,争议双方可向仲裁机构申请仲裁或向人民法院起诉。

第七章附则

第三十五条本办法由东莞市国土资源局负责解释。
第三十六条本办法自发布之日起施行。