国务院关于口岸开放的若干规定(附英文)
国务院
国务院关于口岸开放的若干规定(附英文)
1985年9月18日，国务院
规定
随着我国对外贸易、国际交往和旅游事业的发展，将进一步开放新的口岸。为加强口岸开放的审批工作，特制定本规定。
一、本规定所指口岸是供人员、货物和交通工具出入国境的港口、机场、车站、通道等。口岸分为一类口岸和二类口岸。一类口岸是指由国务院批准开放的口岸（包括中央管理的口岸和由省、自治区、直辖市管理的部分口岸）；二类口岸是指由省级人民政府批准开放并管理的口岸。
二、口岸的开放和关闭，由国务院或省级人民政府审批后公布执行。
三、凡开放口岸，应根据需要设立边防检查、海关、港务监督、卫生检疫、动植物检疫、商品检验等检查检验机构，以及国家规定的其他口岸机构。
四、两类口岸的具体划分：
（一）以下为一类口岸：
1、对外国籍船舶、飞机、车辆等交通工具开放的海、陆、空客货口岸；
2、只允许我国籍船舶、飞机、车辆出入国境的海、陆、空客货口岸；
3、允许外国籍船舶进出我国领海内的海面交货点。
（二）以下为二类口岸：
1、依靠其他口岸派人前往办理出入境检查检验手续的国轮外贸运输装卸点、起运点、交货点；
2、同毗邻国家地方政府之间进行边境小额贸易和人员往来的口岸；
3、只限边境居民通行的出入境口岸。
五、报批程序：
（一）一类口岸：由有关部（局）或港口、码头、车站、机场和通道所在地的省级人民政府会商大军区后，报请国务院批准，同时抄送国务院口岸领导小组、总参谋部和有关主管部门。
（二）二类口岸：由口岸所在地的人民政府征得当地大军区和海军的同意，并会商口岸检查检验等有关单位后，报请省级人民政府批准。批文同时送国务院口岸领导小组和有关主管部门备案。
六、报批开放口岸应附具下列资料：
（一）对口岸开放进行的可行性研究报告，以及口岸的基本条件、近三年客货运量、经济效益和发展前景的资料。
（二）根据客货运输任务提出的有关检查检验单位、口岸办公室、中国银行等机构设置和人员编制方案。
（三）检查检验场地和办公、生活设施等规划，以及投资预算和资金来源。
七、对外开放前的验收：
（一）新开放的口岸，在开放前必须对其交通安全设施、通信设施、联检场地、检查检验等单位的机构设置和人员配备，以及办公、生活设施等进行验收。验收合格后，才能宣布开放。
（二）一类口岸，由国务院口岸领导小组办公室负责组织验收；二类口岸，由所在省、自治区、直辖市口岸办公室或其他主管口岸工作的部门负责组织验收。
八、临时进出我国非开放区域的审批权限：
（一）临时从我国非开放的港口或沿海水域进出的中、外国籍船舶，由交通部审批，并报国务院口岸领导小组备案。报批前应征得军事主管部门和当地人民政府以及有关检查检验单位的同意，并安排好检查检验工作。
（二）临时从我国非开放机场起降的中、外国籍民用飞机，由中国民用航空局征得军事主管部门同意后审批，非民用飞机由军事主管部门审批，并报国务院口岸领导小组备案。报批前应征得当地人民政府和有关检查检验部门的同意，并安排好检查检验工作。
（三）临时从我国非开放的陆地边界区域进出境的中、外国籍车辆和人员，由省级人民政府审批。报批前应征得当地省军区和公安部门的同意，并安排好检查检验工作。
九、口岸开放应有计划地进行，按隶属关系分别列入国家或地方口岸开放计划。国务院有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市应将口岸开放计划（草案），于计划年度前两个月报国务院口岸领导小组，并抄报国家计委、劳动人事部和检查检验单位的有关主管部门。
十、开放口岸检查检验设施建设资金来源：
（一）中央管理的口岸，由中央负责解决；地方管理的口岸，由地方负责解决。
（二）国家新建开放的港口、码头、车站和机场（含军用改为军民合用的机场）等口岸建设项目（包括利用外资和中外合资项目），以及老口岸新建作业区和经济开发区的新港区等项目，所需联检场地应与港口、码头、车站、机场等主体工程统一规划。所需投资包括在主体工程之内。
检查检验单位办公、生活土建设施（包括宿舍）的投资，由口岸建设项目的主管部门组织有关单位研究，统一汇总报国家计委审批。批准后，投资划拨给口岸所在地的省、自治区、直辖市，由地方统一规划，统一设计施工。军用改建为军民合用机场的口岸项目，应事先征得空军或海军同意，如在机场内建设，建设单位可提出要求，由空军或海军统一规划。
（三）各部（局）直属的原有港口、码头、车站和机场需要对外开放时，所需联检场地，原则上要利用原有建筑设施。如确需扩建、新建，应由港口、码头、车站和机场的主管部门投资建设。检查检验单位的办公、生活土建设施（包括宿舍）的投资，原则上由各自主管部门解决。对确有困难的，国家或地方给予适当补助，由地方统一建设，投资交地方包干使用。
（四）地方新开口岸，所需联检场地和检查检验单位的办公、生活土建设施（包括宿舍），由地方统一投资，统一建设。
（五）国际海员俱乐部的建设规划和投资来源，比照（二）、（三）、（四）项规定解决。
（六）检查检验单位所需的交通工具、仪器设备等，由各自主管部门解决。
（七）联检场地内，划给检查检验单位的办公和业务用房（包括水、电、市内电话），应由港口、码头、车站和机场（包括军民合用的机场）的经营单位免费提供。
十一、本规定由国务院口岸领导小组办公室负责解释。
十二、本规定自发布之日起施行。
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE OPENING OF PORTS
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE OPENING OF PORTS
(Promulgated on September 18, 1985)
With the development of our foreign trade, international exchanges and
tourisms, more ports will be opened. These Provisions are formulated in
order to strengthen the work in the examination and approval for opening
ports to foreign countries.
1. The term "ports" referred to in these Provisions denotes the harbours,
airports, stations, thoroughfares, etc., which are used for personnel,
goods or means of transport to enter or leave the country. The ports in
our country are divided into two categories. Category-1 ports refer to
those ports which have been opened upon the approval of the State Council
(including those administered by the Central Government and some of the
ports administered by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government); category-2 ports refer to those
ports which have been opened upon approval by the people's governments at
the provincial level and are administered by them.
2. The opening and closing of ports shall be announced and executed after
the examination and approval by the State Council or the people's
governments at the provincial level.
3. Organs in charge of frontier inspection, Customs, harbour
superintendency, quarantine, quarantine for animals and plants, commodity
inspection, etc., as well as other port organs stipulated by State shall
be set up at the open ports according to the actual needs.
4. Criteria for the division of the two categories of ports:
(1) The following are category-1 ports:
A. ports open to vessels, planes, vehicles and other means of transport of
foreign nationality used to transport passengers and goods into or out of
China through sea, land or air;
B. ports for use only by Chinese vessels, planes and vehicles transporting
passengers and goods out of or into the country through sea, land or air;
C. spots on the sea within our territorial waters where vessels of foreign
nationality are allowed to enter or leave for the purpose of delivering
goods.
(2) The following are category-2 ports:
A. spots for loading and unloading, starting shipment and delivering goods
for Chinese vessels engaged in foreign trade where the formalities for
exit and entry inspection and examination are conducted by personnel sent
from other ports;
B. ports where border trade in small amounts and contacts between people
are carried out with local governments of neighbouring countries;
C. ports restricted to the exit or entry of the local residents in the
border areas.
5. The procedures for report and approval:
(1) Category-1 ports: the relevant ministries (or bureaus) or the people's
governments of the provinces where the harbours, wharves, stations,
airports and thoroughfares in question are situated shall, after
consultation with the military area commands, submit the application to
the State Council for approval, with copies of the application sent to the
Leading Group for Port Affairs of the State Council, the Headquarters of
the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army and the relevant
competent departments.
(2) Category-2 ports: The people's governments of the regions where the
ports in question are situated shall first obtain the agreement of the
military area commands concerned and the Navy, and hold consultations with
the units in charge of port inspection and examination. Applications shall
then be submitted to the people's governments at the provisional level for
approval, with copies of which sent to the Leading Group for Port Affairs
under the State Council and the relevant competent departments for the
record.
6. The following materials should be attached to application for opening a
port:
(1) A feasibility report, the materials concerning the basic conditions of
the ports, the volume of passenger transport and freight volume in the
last three years, and the potential economic results and the prospects for
development.
(2) The plan for the establishment of such port organs as offices in
charge of inspection and examination, offices for port affairs and
branches of the Bank of China, according to the task for transporting
passengers and goods.
(3) Plans for constructing inspection and examination grounds and for
building facilities for office work and the daily life of the staff
members, as well as investment budget and source of funds.
7. Final check-up and acceptance before a port is opened:
(1) Before a new port is opened, the establishment of organs and the
provisions of staff members of offices in charge of traffic safety, for
telecommunications, combined inspection and examination as well as
facilities for office work and daily life must go through the procedure of
final check-up and acceptance. New ports may be opened only after the
facilities are finally checked and accepted.
(2) The office of the Leading Group for Port Affairs of the State Council
shall be responsible for the check-up and acceptance of category-1 ports.
The offices for port affairs in the provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government or other competent
departments in charge of port affairs shall be responsible for the check-
up and acceptance of category-2 ports.
8. The competence for examination and approval of applications for
temporarily entry and exit at the non-open areas of our country:
(1) Applications by vessels of Chinese or foreign nationality for
temporarily entry or exit at non-open harbours or coastal waters of China
shall be examined and approved by the Ministry of Communications and
reported to the Leading Group for Port Affairs of the State Council for
the record. Before the applications are submitted for approval, the
agreement of the competent authorities for military affairs, the local
people's governments and the relevant units in charge of examination and
inspection shall be obtained, and the details of the examination and
inspection work shall be arranged.
(2) Applications by civil planes of Chinese or foreign nationality for
temporarily take-offs or landings at China's non-open airports shall be
examined and approved by the Civil Aviation Administration of China,
which, however, should obtain the agreement of the competent authorities
for military affairs. Applications by non-civil planes shall be examined
and approved by the competent authorities for military affairs. Both kinds
of applications must be reported to the Leading Group for Port Affairs of
the State Council for the record. Before the applications are submitted
for approval, the agreement of the local people's governments and the
relevant departments for examination and inspection should be obtained,
and the details of the examination and inspection work shall be arranged.
(3) Applications by vehicle and personnel of Chinese or foreign
nationality for temporarily entry and exit at our non-open border areas on
land shall be examined and approved by the people's governments at the
provincial level. Before the applications are submitted for approval, the
agreement of the relevant provincial military area command and the
department of public security shall be obtained, and the details of the
examination and inspection work shall be arranged.
9. New ports shall be opened according to the relevant State or local
plans. The competent departments under the State Council, and the
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government, shall send plans (drafts) of opening ports to the
Leading Group for Port Affairs of the State Council two months before a
planned year begins, with copies sent to the State Planning Commission,
the Ministry of Labour and Personnel and the relevant competent
departments of the units in charge of inspection and examination.
10. The sources of funds for building facilities for inspection and
examination at the open ports:
(1) The Central Government shall be responsible for providing the funds
for the ports under its administration. The local people's governments
shall be responsible for providing funds for the ports under their
administration.
(2) Where grounds for combined inspection and examinations are needed in
such port construction projects (including projects with foreign
investment and Chinese and foreign equity joint-venture projects) as
harbours, wharves, railway stations and airports (including those which
have been transformed from military airports used for both military and
civilian purposes) as well as in such projects as newly-built operation
areas at old ports and new harbour areas in economic development zones,
the construction of these grounds shall be incorporated into the plans of
the main projects of the prescribed harbours, wharves, railway stations
and airports. The investment needed for the construction of these grounds
shall be incorporated in the investment for the main projects. The
competent departments for port construction projects shall organize the
relevant units to carry out research on the investment structure for the
construction of the facilities for office work and for the daily life of
the staff members (including dormitories) of the units in charge of
inspection and examination and present itemized reports to the State
Planning Commission for examination and approval. After the approval is
obtained, the investment shall be transferred to the provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government where the
ports are situated. The local people's governments shall be responsible
for the unified planning, designing and construction of the ports. Where
military airports are to be transformed into airports for both military
and civilian purposes, agreement should be obtained from the Air Force or
the Navy beforehand. In the case that the construction is to be carried
out within the airports, the units responsible for the construction may
submit draft plans, which shall be incorporated in the unified plans of
the Air Force or the Navy.
(3) Where the existing harbours, wharves, railway stations and airports
directly under the administration of various ministries (or bureaus) need
to be opened, the grounds for combined inspection and examination for
these ports shall, in principle, be set up by making use of the existing
buildings and facilities. If it is necessary to extend the original
buildings or build new grounds for combined inspection and examination,
the competent departments for the harbours, wharves, railway stations and
airports shall be responsible for the investment. The investment for the
construction of the facilities for office work and the daily life of the
staff members (including dormitories) of the units in charge of inspection
and examination shall, in principle, be provided by their respective
competent departments. In the extreme cases of difficulty with respect to
investment, the State or the local governments may provide appropriate
subsidies. The investment shall be turned over to the relevant people's
governments, which are held responsible for the completion of the
construction.
(4) The local people's governments shall be responsible for the investment
and construction of the grounds for combined inspection and examination
and the infrastructure facilities for office work and the daily life of
the staff members (including dormitories) of the units in charge of
inspection and examination, which are needed in their newly-opened ports.
(5) The construction plans and sources of investment for international
seamen's clubs shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of
Paragraphs (2), (3) and (4) of this Article.
(6) The means of transport, instruments, equipment, etc., needed by the
units in charge of inspection and examination shall be provided by their
respective competent departments.
(7) Within grounds for combined inspection and examination, the rooms for
office work and other related purposes (including water, electricity and
inner-city telephone) which have been assigned to the units in charge of
inspection and examination shall be provided free of charge by the
business units of the harbours, wharves, railway stations and airports
(including those used for both military and civilian purposes).
11. These Provisions shall be interpreted by the office of the Leading
Group for Port Affairs of the State Council.
劳动部、财政部关于一九九三年审核企业工资总额同经济效益挂钩方案有关问题的通知
劳动部
劳动部、财政部关于一九九三年审核企业工资总额同经济效益挂钩方案有关问题的通知
劳动部
废止理由: 适用期已过, 自行失效
国务院有关部门、直属机构，总公司及计划单列企业集团：
为进一步贯彻落实《全民所有制工业企业转换经营机制条例》，深化企业工资改革，转换企业经营机制，建立健全企业工资总量调控机制，完善工资总额同经济效益挂钩办法，逐步向社会主义市场经济体制过渡，根据《国有企业工资总额同经济效益挂钩规定》（劳部发〔1993〕1
61号）的精神，现就一九九三年挂钩方案的有关问题通知如下：
一、一九九三年有条件的部门、各总公司及国家计划单列企业集团（下称单位）所属国有企业、公司经国家批准均应实行工资总额同经济效益总挂钩。各单位应在国家核定的经济效益基数、工资总额基数和浮动比例范围内，根据本单位的实际情况审批所属企业的挂钩方案。目前暂不具
备条件实行总挂的单位，其所属企业的工资挂钩方案，仍按现行规定，报劳动部、财政部审核后下达执行。
二、挂钩的经济效益指标，要根据国民经济发展对单位综合经济效益的要求确定，原则上应实行复合指标挂钩，采用单一指标挂钩的要转为复合挂钩。复合挂钩的主要指标以实现税利为主，也可以选择劳动生产率、工资利税率等综合经济效益指标。
三、一九九三年新实行挂钩的单位挂钩方案的审核：新挂钩的单位，其经济效益指标基数，一般以上年实际完成数为基础，剔除不合理部分加以核定。工资总额基数，根据国家关于工资总额构成的规定，原则上以本部门所属企业上年劳动工资年报数为基础，核减一次性补发上年工资、
成建制划出职工工资以及各种不合理的工资性支出；核增上年增人、转正定级、成建制划入职工的翘尾工资，以及国家规定的增减工资后确定。挂钩的浮动比例，依据劳动生产率、人均税利率等经济指标，结合国民经济发展要求相应确定。
四、一九九二年已实行挂钩的单位，其一九九三年挂钩方案的审核：
1．经济效益基数的核定
原则上以上年计提工资的挂钩经济效益数为基础确定。需调整经济效益指标基数的，按以下办法办理：
（1）已实行基建和生产单位统一核算和管理的企业，新建扩建项目不核增挂钩的经济效益指标基数；暂未实行基建和生产单位统一核算和管理的企业，新建扩建项目移交生产后，在按该项目计划增加的人数相应核增工资总额基数的同时，参照同行业或该企业人均效益水平合理核增挂
钩的经济效益指标基数。
（2）跨单位成建制划入划出，原则上按上年决算数，调整经济效益指标基数。本单位范围内的成建制划入划出不作调整。
（3）按照《全民所有制工业企业转换经营机制条例》中“逐步将企业职工的全部工资性收入纳入成本管理”的规定，实行税利分流的挂钩企业中，原实行“总挂分提”办法的，可改为“总挂总提”，职工奖金全部计入成本、费用；未实行税利分流的挂钩企业，条件具备的，经批准后
可改为“总挂总提”办法。奖励基金由成本中列支后，对利润影响较大的，可适当调整挂钩效益基数。
（4）根据国务院办公厅国办发〔1993〕29号规定，凡挂钩企业年终因处理清产核资有关问题而减少企业利润，对职工效益工资影响较大时，按企业隶属关系，经核准，允许企业在留用资金中调剂解决。
2．工资总额基数的核定
挂钩工资总额基数，原则上以上年工资清算应提取的工资总额为基础核定。调整因素按以下办法办理：
（1）企业上年实际接收复转军人、大中专毕业生增加的工资，暂未实行基建和生产统一核算和管理的企业的新扩建项目由基建移交生产后增加人员的工资、成建制划入划出人员的工资，按劳部发〔1993〕161号文件中的有关规定办理。
（2）企业按照国务院规定给职工发放的一九九二年的粮价补贴，按一九九二年末实有职工人数每人每年60元计算，自一九九三年起核入挂钩工资总额基数。
（3）各地方政府（省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市）出台的物价补贴，经审核后合理核增挂钩工资总额基数。
（4）经国家批准调整艰苦岗位津贴企业，所需增加的工资按批准核增的工资额，核增挂钩工资总额基数。
（5）对经国家批准实行劳动工资制度改革试点（岗位技能工资、全员劳动合同等）的企业，根据企业工资水平和效益工资增长的幅度，区别情况，可适当调整工资总额基数，但人均最高不超过15～20元／月。
（6）原在挂钩工资基数外单列的原材料、燃料、动力节约奖等工资性支出（具体项目附后），按上年决算数，核增挂钩工资总额基数后，不再按原办法提取。
（7）“总挂分提”改为“总挂总提”的企业，挂钩工资总额基数原则上以上年挂钩决算数作为挂钩基数，即原在留利里列支的挂钩奖金原则上按上年挂钩决算数核进成本性工资总额基数中。
3．工资浮动比例的核定
一九九三年的挂钩工资浮动比例，原则上按上年批准的浮动比例执行。少数特殊企业，其浮动比例经批准可作适当调整。机电产品出口生产企业，可按国机出〔1993〕7号《关于对机电产品出口生产企业增加出口创汇浮动比例计提工资的通知》的有关规定执行。
五、对一九八五年以来实行挂钩的部门、企业，原先经济效益较高，并且由于价格、汇率调整因素等影响导致经济效益增长困难，工资水平偏低的，经批准，从一九九三年起，可采取“定比”的办法（即经济效益基数和工资总额基数在执行期内不再按上年实际数进行调整），一定三至
五年不变。
六、实行挂钩的单位，要结合行业特点和实际情况，建立能够反映综合经济效益和社会效益的考核指标体系。要把国有资产保值增殖作为否定指标，达不到考核要求的不能提取新增效益工资。考核指标的完成情况要填入工资同经济效益挂钩年度清算表，以确定新增效益工资的提取。
七、实行挂钩的单位，要严格按照核定的基数（或系数）和浮动比例计提效益工资。自一九九三年始对上年新增效益工资的提取，不再执行分档递减的办法和下浮工资不超过工资总额基数的20％的规定。上年新增效益工资核入下年工资总额基数不再比照工资调节税办法进行扣减。经
济效益增长时按核定比例增提工资总额，下降时按核定比例减提工资总额。
八、挂钩企业必须建立工资储备基金。要从当年工资总额的新增部分中提取不少于10％的数额作为工资储备基金，由企业自主使用，以丰补歉。企业要严格按照“两个低于”原则，合理安排使用效益工资。
九、各单位要认真编报工资总额同经济效益挂钩方案，于一九九三年九月三十日以前按管理体制报劳动部、财政部审核批准后执行。挂钩执行情况，应按劳动部、财政部统一制定的工资总额同经济效益挂钩年度清算表，于下年三月以前将挂钩工资清算表报劳动部、财政部。
十、各单位要总结经验，积极探索社会主义市场经济体制下工资总额同经济效益挂钩的具体模式，结合本行业、企业的生产经营特点，选择符合行业、企业特点的工效挂钩形式，更好地调动职工的积极性，促进企业经济效益的提高。经贸、物资供销和军工产品生产等部门、企业，要结
合行业特点，积极创造条件，尽快建立起符合行业特点的工效挂钩机制。
附：取消企业挂钩工资总额外各类单项奖一览表
一、保留额度核增工资总额基数的单项奖
1．原材料、燃料节约奖；
2．燃油节约奖；
3．电力企业煤耗、限损奖；
4．企业出口创汇奖；
5．机电产品出口奖；
6．军品出口收汇奖；
7．货轮船员从事职责外劳务收入奖；
8．船员扩大自修劳务提奖；
9．客船小卖部等收入提奖；
10．“四技”收入奖；
11．军工企业按标准工资10—12％提取的综合奖；
12．电影洗印企业废水回收白银奖；
13．电影洗印企业胶片节约奖；
14．书刊印刷企业纸张节约奖；
15．报社纸张节约奖；
16．速遣费收入提奖；
17．涉外保险劳务费提奖；
18．工挂的金融企业煤电为节约价值的12％奖金率；
19．工挂的金融企业铅、铝合金、金银、外购蒸汽为节约价值的3％奖金率；
20．工挂的金融企业柴油、纸浆、木柴为节约价值的6％奖金率；
21．工挂的金融企业铜为节约价值的2％奖金率；
22．旅游涉外饭店加收服务费提成奖；
23．非贸易外汇创汇奖。
二、继续保留项目仍维持现行办法提取的单项奖
1．堵漏保收奖；
2．港口速遣奖；
3．船舶速修奖；
4．发明奖；
5．石油企业勘探开发基金提奖。
凡不在上述两类内的单项奖金，皆作为取消的项目，不再保留额度。
各单位在申报挂钩方案时，附上提取单项奖的有关文件依据。
1993年9月3日
